Without obvious symptoms, insulin resistance (and, thus, prediabetes and diabetes) is usually detected through a blood draw using an A1C test to evaluate your blood sugar levels over the past few months. You don’t need to be fasting for this test. An A1c under 5.6 percent is considered normal. An A1C between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is diagnostic for prediabetes. An A1C equal to or above 6.5 percent is diagnostic for diabetes. Your doctor may choose to confirm this test on another day.
Besides, a fasting blood glucose test — taken after you have fasted overnight — will provide your fasting blood sugar level. A second test may be necessary to validate your result. Fasting blood sugar levels under 100 mg/dL are considered normal. Levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL are diagnostic for prediabetes. Levels equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL are diagnostic for Type 2 diabetes.
As you age, it is advisable to check up regularly for diabetes and other medical conditions. You should test earlier if you are overweight and:
- Have an inactive lifestyle;
- Have low good (HDL) levels, high triglyceride levels, or high blood pressure;
- Have family history of diabetes;
- Belong to certain ethnicities such as American-Indian, African-American, Latino, Asian-American, or Pacific Islander;
- Suspected of insulin resistance;
- Had gestational diabetes while you were pregnant;
- Gave birth a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds.
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