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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection — sometimes referred to as SCAD — is an uncommon emergency condition that occurs when a tear forms in one of the blood vessels in the heart.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) can slow or block blood flow to the heart, causing a heart attack, abnormalities in heart rhythm or sudden death.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is uncommon. SCAD can occur at any age, but most cases occur in otherwise healthy people between the ages of 30 and 50. SCAD is far more common in women than men. In one study of 440 cases of SCAD that occurred at a single hospital between 1931 and 2008, 98 percent involved women. Please discuss with your doctor for further information.
The common symptoms of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are:
There may be some symptoms not listed above. If you have any concerns about a symptom, please consult your doctor.
If you experience chest pain or suspect you’re having a heart attack, immediately call your local emergency number. If you don’t have access to emergency medical services, have someone drive you to the nearest hospital. Drive yourself only as a last resort.
It’s not clear what causes spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD).
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) causes a tear inside an artery. When the inner layers of the artery separate from the outer layers, blood can pool in the area between the layers. The pressure of the pooling blood can make a short tear much longer. And blood trapped between the layers can form a blood clot (hematoma).
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may slow blood flow through the artery to the heart, which makes the heart muscle weaken. Or blood flow through the artery can be completely stopped, causing heart muscle to die (heart attack). A heart attack that occurs in SCAD is different from a heart attack caused by hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
There are many risk factors for spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), such as:
The information provided is not a substitute for any medical advice. ALWAYS consult with your doctor for more information.
To diagnose spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), your doctor may review your signs and symptoms, and order several tests. The tests are similar to those used to evaluate other heart attacks, such as electrocardiograms and blood tests to detect blood damage. If a heart attack is suspected or diagnosed, it is typically confirmed by taking images of your arteries to look for signs of abnormalities.
Tests may include:
Coronary angiogram
During a coronary angiogram, doctors inject a special dye into your arteries so they’ll show up on imaging tests. To get the dye to your arteries, doctors insert a long, thin tube (catheter) into an artery — usually in your leg or arm — and thread the tube to the arteries in your heart.
Once the dye is released, doctors use X-rays to create pictures of the arteries. The X-rays may show abnormalities in an artery that help confirm spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). A coronary angiogram can also show if the arteries in the heart (coronary arteries) are abnormal and twisted, called tortuous coronary arteries, which can occur in some people with SCAD.
Intravascular ultrasound
During heart catheterization, a special imaging catheter may be passed into your arteries to create sound-wave pictures (ultrasound). This may be conducted in addition to coronary angiography to help doctors confirm spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and plan treatment decisions.
Optical coherence tomography
A catheter equipped with a special light may be passed into your arteries to create light-based pictures. Doctors may perform this test after coronary angiography.
The images may show abnormalities in an artery that help doctors confirm spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and gather information to guide treatment decisions.
Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) angiography
During cardiac computerized tomography (CT) angiography, you lie on a table inside a doughnut-shaped machine. An X-ray tube inside the machine rotates around your body and collects images of your heart and chest, which can show abnormalities in your arteries.
Cardiac CT angiography may be used in addition to other tests or as a follow-up test to evaluate your condition after spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD).
Treatment for SCAD depends on the symptoms and severity of the disease, ranging from chest pain to heart attack. SCAD is a rare disease, and a heart attack caused by SCAD is not a typical heart attack. For these reasons, it is important that an individual with SCAD be treated by a doctor who is experienced in diagnosing and treating this disease.
Treatment may include any of the following or a combination:
The following lifestyles and home remedies might help you cope with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD):
If you have any questions, please consult with your doctor to better understand the best solution for you.
Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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